History+and+Scope+of+Psychology

>> Types of logical reasoning: >> For Example: Andrea Yates drowned her 5 kids in the bathtub after her husband left for work.
 * 1) **What were the prescientific roots of psychology?**
 * Religion and Philosophy
 * 1) **How were early theories influenced by religious thinkers?**
 * Religious thinkers stressed that the mind and body were connected.
 * 1) **How did the Greeks utilize logical reasoning? Give examples of types of logical reasoning.**
 * The Greeks used logical reasoning to come to their conclusions about human nature.
 * Inductive Reasoning: using a specific example to state a general law; every single tall person I have ever met is blond, therefor all tall people are blond.
 * Deductive Reasoning: arguing from a general law to a specific instance; all dogs have four legs, therefor I know that John's new dog also has four legs.
 * Analogy: People are like other social animals, such as apes.
 * 1) **What development did the Greek philosopher Aristotle add to psychology?**
 * Argued that gathering data through observation of people is the best way to learn. He anticipated modern science and today direct observation is used in many fields of psychology.
 * 1) **Who was Wilhelm Wundt and why is he considered the father of psychology?**
 * He conducted an experiment to measure people's reaction time to sounds. It was considered psychology's first experiment because of this important finding: people's behavior does not only depend on the information received by the sense organs. Behavior can sometimes depend on a social environment or instructions we are given.
 * 1) **What is the cognitive perspective or approach?**
 * A psychologist with a cognitive perspective might look for the cause.
 * A psychologist with a cognitive approach may look for a cause in Andrea's private mental functions. They might note Andrea's low self esteem, or Andrea's belief that she was possessed by the devil. These beliefs could have influenced Andrea's decision to kill her children.
 * 1) **What is the neuroscience or behavioral genetic perspective/approach?**
 * A psychologist with a neuroscience or behavioral genetic perspective might look for the cause in Andrea's potential mental disorder or illness. He might note that mood disorders ran in Andrea's family, and that all 3 of her siblings were antidepressants. Andrea also may have been suffering from a chemical imbalance in her brain, which could cause depression and psychosis, influencing her decision to kill her children.
 * 1) **What is the behavioral or social-cultural perspective/approach?**
 * A psychologist with a behavioral or social-cultural perspective might look for the cause in Andrea's social environment. She might note that Andrea's husband never helped with child care, and that he left her alone to care for 5 children when he knew that she was so depressed she could barely take care of herself. The psychologist might conclude that stressors of her social environment were so great that Andrea took extreme measures to reduce her stress and change her social environment.
 * 1) **Insert the careers in psychology chart (image file) into your wiki.**